当用 1 ) 动名词 (gerund) ， 2) 分词短句 (participle) ， 3) 不定式短句 (infinitive) 作修饰语时， 修饰语中的动词要同主句中的主语名词关系 上 要 一致 . 科技杂志论文中有这种语法错误的情况较多 . 严格来讲这只是种语法错误， 一般不影响对句子 的内容的理解， 所以很多作者不 太注意 . 编辑和阅稿人有时也没有严格要求改正 . 比如下面就是 Nature 杂志 2006 年第 439 卷中的一个例子 .
Using the enhancer GAL4/UAS expression system, short-term memory traces of aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning have been assigned to output synapses of subsets of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.
1) 动名词
After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
We or I 是动名词 finishing 形式上的主语， 同主句的主语 activity 不一致 .
宜改为 : After purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
或 : After finishing the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.
Treated with the new drug, the blood cholesterol levels of participants were lowered by an average of 30%.
宜改为 : Treated with the new drug, participants showed an average of 30% decrease in their blood cholesterol levels.
2) 分词短句
The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.
The iron concentration 同 using the Fenton reaction method 关系上不一致 .
宜改为 : The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.
或 : We determined the iron concentration using the Fenton reaction method.
When measuring the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
宜改为 : When the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide is measured, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.
3) 不定式短句
To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, an expanded population of biking athletes was surveyed.
不定式短语的形式主语是 we or I ， 同主句主语 population 不一致 .
宜改为 : To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, we surveyed an expanded population of biking athletes.
To confirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered.
宜改为 : To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.